What is urbanization? The movement of people to cities What are Jim Crow laws? Laws that forced segregation What is segregation? Separation of races What are literacy tests? Tests given to determine reading and writing ability as a qualification for voting What are poll taxes? A special tax required in order to vote What was the result of poll taxes and literacy tests? Less black men were eligible to vote What law stated that a person did not have to pay the poll tax or pass the literacy test if he or his father or grandfather had been eligible to vote before 1867? The grandfather clause Did any black citizen pass the requirements of the grandfather clause? No What did the Plessy v. Ferguson case decree? The facilities must be "seperate but equal" for blacks and whites After Plessy v Ferguson, state legislatures had the legal justification to pass what? Jim Crow law codes W.E.B. Du Bois was the first African American to do what? Recieve a doctorate from Harvard University Who founded the NAACP? W.E.B. Du Bois What was the NAACP? An organization seeking equality for blacks What did the NAACP focus on in order to achieve their goal? Fighting legal battles True or False: Immigrants from eastern European countries were Jewish, Catholic, Mennonites, and Russian Orthodox True What did Protestants fear when all of these new religions started to appear? That their beliefs would be undermined by these newcomers What do agnostics believe? Humans cannot know whether there is a God What caused more people to accept agnosticism? The book The Origin of Species What idea did the Origin of Species propose? Evolution and no need for a Designer Who wrote the Origin of Species? Charles Darwin What did some wavering Christians think needed to happen to the Bible? It needed to be judged by reason and experience Liberals treated the Bible like it was a ____________ ______________ book. Purely, Human What did the Liberals deny about the Bible? The virgin birth, the diety of Jesus, Jesus dying on the cross, and no such things as eternal punishment What were the 3 things that Conservative Christians had to defend? 1) The accuracy of Scripture 2) The diety of Jesus 3) That salvation only comes through redemption purchased by the blood of Christ What are temperance societies? Groups dedicated to stopping the consumption of alcohol What were the effects of the over cunsumption of alcohol in the city? Increased crime, poverty, and violencce towards family members The efforts of the temperance societies led to what movement? The prohibition movement What was the YMCA? An organization providing wholesome activities and entertainment for young men in the troublesome environment of big cities What were rescue missions? Facilities that provide food, shelter, and spiritual guidance Who established rescue missions? The Salvation Army What is the Salvation Army? An organization providing relief for the poor True or False: America sent more missionaries overseas than any other country except England False What was progressivism? A movement that favored achieving political and social reform How did they want to achieve progressivism? Through education, wider political participation, and direct action by the government What were the 4 goals of progressivism? Fight Corruption, Improve Quality of Life, Increase Voice in Government, and Increase Government Efficiency How many people died during the Triangle Shirtwaist Fire? 146 What was a blacklist? A list shared by employers of employees who caused problems or tried to strike What were 5 problems with tenements? They were cramped, filthy, dark, smelly, and rent was high What did settlement houses provide? Food, clothing, medical care, childcare, recreations, and classes Who and from where were settlement houses designed for? Women in slum areas What was the most famous settlement house? Chicago's Hull House Who founded Chicago's Hull House? Jane Addams What did Jane Addam's efforts lead to? The passage of child-labor laws What was Roosevelt's campaign slogan? "Square Deal" Which law allowed federal inspectors to examine meat companies, require companies to list the ingredients on product labels, and prohibit companies from making unverifiable claims about medicines? The Pure Food and Drug Act What was a muckraker? A nickname for a progressive writer who exposed abuse and corruption What writing helped lead to the Pure Food and Drug Act? The Jungle by Upton Sinclair Who was Upton Sinclair? A muckraker who wrote The Jungle Who protected certain lands and named them national parks? Roosevelt Roosevelt convinced Congress to establish the United States ___________ Service to oversee the _________. Forest, Parks What was the social gospel's initial goal? To modernize Christianity What was the social gospel's emphasis? How to fix society's problems How did social gospel adherents achieve "salvation"? Through good works What is the main problem with the social gospel? They think that mankind is good and society is bad What is the real reason for why social injustice exists and where is true redemption found? People are sinners and through Jesus only
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